12/12/2023 0 Comments Bfr training before and after![]() ![]() ![]() The primary outcome measure was quadriceps strength (peak quadriceps torque, rate of torque development). Presurgical BFRT will involve sessions 3 times per week for 4 weeks, and postsurgical BFRT will involve sessions 3 times per week for 4 to 5 months. Participants will be randomly assigned to (1) physical therapy plus active BFRT (BFRT group) or (2) physical therapy plus placebo BFRT (standard of care group). ![]() Sixty participants between the ages of 15 to 40 years with an ACL tear will be included. The study will take place at the University of Kentucky and University of Texas Medical Branch. This will be a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The objective is to evaluate the effect of BFRT on quadriceps strength and knee biomechanics and to identify the potential mechanism(s) of action of BFRT at the cellular and morphological levels of the quadriceps. This training is believed to result in the same benefits as if the patients were training under high loads. Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is a possible new intervention that applies a pressurized cuff to the proximal thigh that partially occludes blood flow as the patient exercises, which enables patients to train at reduced loads. ![]() The same physiological adaptations to the muscle (e.g., release of hormones, hypoxia and cell swelling) will take place during the BFR training and low-intensity exercise high-intensity exercise.Despite best practice, quadriceps strength deficits often persist for years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Because the outflow of blood is limited using the cuff, capillary blood that has low oxygen content collects and there is an increase in protons and lactic acid. The aim of BFR training is to mimic the effects of high-intensity/loaded exercise by recreating a hypoxic environment using a cuff. These factors are all part of the anabolism of muscle tissue. Release of hormones, hypoxia and cell swelling occur when a muscle is under metabolic stress. The activation of myogenic stem cells and the elevated anabolic hormones result in protein metabolism and allow muscle hypertrophy to occur. When a muscle is placed under mechanical stress, the concentration of anabolic horomone levels increase. Muscle tension and metabolic stress are the two primary factors responsible for muscle hypertrophy. The patient is then asked to perform resistance exercises at a low intensity of 20-30% of 1 repetition max (1RM), with high repetitions per set (15-30) and short rest intervals between sets (30 seconds). The cuff is then inflated to a specific pressure with the aim of obtaining partial arterial and complete venous occlusion. It can be applied to either the upper or lower limb. It involves the application of a pneumatic cuff (tourniquet) proximally to the muscles that are being trained. Orthopaedic surgery, chronic pain, muscle or joint injury, tendonitis and/or arthritis could potentially benefit from muscle strengthening and muscle hypertrophy but cannot tolerate high-intensity/loaded exercises.īFR training was initially developed in the 1960’s in Japan. The problem is that for most of our post-operative patients, high-load and high-intensity exercises may not be clinically appropriate. High-load resistance training has been shown to be the most successful means in improving muscular strength and obtaining muscle hypertrophy (a growth and increase in muscles cells). Muscle weakness commonly occurs in a variety of conditions and pathologies. It has been used in the gym setting for some time but it is gaining popularity in clinical settings. Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training is a technique that combines low-intensity exercise with blood flow occlusion that produces similar results to high-intensity training. ![]()
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